\""I'll tell you a beautiful story. There was a kollel avrecher in the 'Chazon Ish' who arranged for his son to be married to the son of a lawyer. They had an argument about money - an extra 100,000 shekels, and they decided to go to the rabbi to ask him what to do. They were sure that the rabbi would tell the lawyer that he would pay, because the other party was just a kollel avrecher, where did he get the money... They went to the rabbi and he said that the avrecher would pay the 100,000. Why? The rabbi explained: The avrecher lives on miracles, with him it's easier for the Holy One, blessed be He, to provide him with another 100,000 shekels. With the lawyer, a bigger miracle is needed..."'<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nOne of the greatest sociological puzzles surrounding Haredi society is understanding the economic conduct of the Haredi household.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This riddle, it must be said, is not the preserve of non-Haredi Israelis, who watch silently and incomprehensibly at the conservative society that lives alongside them. Even many Haredi, it turns out, don't really know how to answer this inexplicable enigma. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
The starting point for solving this puzzle is the following two figures: The incidence of poverty per capita in Haredi society is the highest in Israel. Overall, the incidence of poverty among non-Haredi Jews stands at 11.9 percent, compared to 39.7 percent in Haredi society - more than 3 times higher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In contrast to this dramatic figure, an equally impressive figure appears, according to which the rate of home ownership, as well as the rate of households receiving a mortgage from the bank for an apartment, is significantly higher in the Haredi sector than in non-Haredi Jewish households.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How does it 'work' together? And in general, how do the ultra-Orthodox, who earn tens of percent less than their non-Urdu brothers, manage to support their households? Moreover, how do they, as the data proves, manage to purchase apartments worth hundreds of thousands of shekels for the marriage of their children - who number 6.4 children per woman?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In this series, which will include four episodes, we will try to answer this acute question, along with other questions such as [smart?] consumer behavior; the impact of the economic situation on quality of life indicators; dealing with high debts following the marriage of children, and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Research difficulties when embarking on a journey<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nAlready in the early stages of data collection, it became clear that the discourse code that competes between income as it is and needs that exceed it is expressed in common terms such as 'provision from heaven' and 'The Holy One, blessed be He, helps and sends.'. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
When the interviewees were asked to provide answers regarding their ability to cope despite the high gaps between expenses and income, most of them referred to a 'heavenly miracle' or divine assistance that helped them cope with the gap, especially with regard to the expenses surrounding the children's marriage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This insight posed a real difficulty at the research level. The economic experts and interviewees we consulted explained to us that we would have difficulty deciphering the economy of the Haredi economy, since the answers we would receive would include statements such as "it is difficult to impossible to give 'scientific' answers to this question, since livelihood is sent from heaven," "The Holy One, blessed be He, sends when necessary," and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Statements along these lines were made in many other interviews. Rina, a Breslov Hasid and mother of ten children, repeatedly interrupted the interview and said: "You won't be able to turn this into an Excel spreadsheet the way you present it. It's simply a waste of the time you're devoting to research.". <\/p>\n\n\n\n
She later described a seemingly supernatural financial event that occurred in her life (the event will be presented later) and said firmly: "Here, please, tell me, which Excel row are you putting this in, I want to hear?!"\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n
One of the experts who accompanied the study serves as an economic consultant and CEO of a large investment bank. This is how he addressed the issue:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
How does the Haredi community behave? It is impossible to answer that. Everyone has their own personal story of how the Holy One, blessed be He, helped them. Ask him - tell me what the secret is. He can tell you, but this is not an example, because I had something very personal. I can tell you what happened to me, but it does not reflect. You ask the other person, the same answer. In the end, you discover that everyone has a way that is not a model that is a copy-paste for any other case. Every family has its own miracle, and the higher a person's level of confidence, the more active the miracles are. I can tell you my personal stories - but that will not help you. These stories do not constitute a model for research.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nSimilar things were said by Rabbi Meir Kessler, rabbi of the Haredi city of Modi'in Illit, who is considered an expert and spiritual authority in the field of Haredi economics:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\""The Blessed One gives each and every one a special divine help in the marriage of their children, but the type of help depends on the preparation of each one. When you ask in a kollel avrechim in their late thirties how they prepare for the marriage of their children, some will tell you that they have been saving for many years and the Blessed One has indeed answered them and sent a hidden blessing in their savings. Some will say that they have prepared a list of gamachim and the Blessed One has indeed granted them grace in the eyes of the owners of the gamachim and the Arabs in a miraculous way. Some prepare a list of 'letters' that will be donated to them and they also receive help in this matter and are given to them. And some will tell you from the depths of their pure heart that they do not prepare anything but rather trust in the Blessed One, and indeed the Blessed One helps them and they do not need anything" (quoted in Nathan Rosenblatt, 'Beit Faloni Le Faloni', 5744, p. 17).<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\nAccording to the rabbis, every family has its own personal chronology of coping with its financial situation, and this carries a miraculous touch that, if we only want to, we can discern. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
In their view, our attempt, as researchers, to transform this seemingly natural occurrence into an empirical finding, into quantitative data, or into an Excel spreadsheet, is a futile attempt. The additional meaning inherent in the rabbis' words is the difficulty of creating a taxonomy and systematically classifying 'miracles.' The infinite collection of individual miraculous events in each family does not allow them to be divided into categories or grouped together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\""The world behaves as it is accustomed to"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nIt seems appropriate here to refer to the research team, which included two Haredi researchers (Eliezer HaYon, Aryeh Strauss), and one secular researcher (Ehud Prawer).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
There were many discussions among the team members regarding the interpretation of the "miracle" stories: whether the economic events that the interviewees recounted were indeed the product of divine intervention, or whether they had some material explanation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
As people of faith, we believe that at the end of the day, everything is planned by God, and He sends each creature its livelihood, just as He sends its life and experiences. However, we also believe in the religious concept that 'the world behaves as it is supposed to,' meaning that the world is governed by nature. Since this is the case, we must find out how God sends the miracle. How can we translate God's help - in which we believe - into an Excel spreadsheet?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A total of 30 interviewees participated in the study. 25 of the interviewees were men and 5 were women. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
The priority given to interviews with men stemmed from two methodological factors: First, Haredi women are less likely to be interviewed on topics considered 'intimate,' such as revealing their bank account. Second, in most of the inquiries we made, we were told that the management of the Haredi household is primarily carried out by the father of the family. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
In some cases, the wife is not involved at all, and in other cases she gives him dominance in managing the family's finances. The study focused on households in which the father of the family is an avrech or works in a Torah position (meshgih in a yeshiva, baale teshuvah teacher, rabbi in a khaydar, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The interviewees came from all streams of Haredi society - Lithuanians, Sephardim and Hasidim. Since our study seeks to understand the conduct of households with 'classical' Haredi worldviews, the sample focused on interviewees from conservative groups in Haredi society (and not the modern groups, which integrate at high rates into the general labor market and are therefore more exposed to general society and its values).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
During the study, the interviewer, together with the interviewee, filled out a table that includes details of the household's monthly and annual expenses (housing, tuition, insurance, food, clothing, etc.), special expenses (furniture, vacations, holidays, family events) and income (salaries, benefits, community assistance, etc.). <\/p>\n\n\n\n
After filling out the tables, a calculation and summary of all expenses against income was made, and the interviewees were asked to answer how they manage to close the gap that arose in most cases between expenses and income. Finally, the interviewees were asked general open-ended questions - what is the ideology or worldview behind the economic conduct, what is the impact of the economic situation on the relationship, the education of the children, and other aspects of everyday life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In the next chapter, we will present the categories extracted from the interviews \u2013 categories that may answer the major research question: How is the large obligation gap of Haredi households closed?<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"On the one hand, the Haredim earn tens of percent less than their non-Haredim brothers. On the other hand, the Haredim, as all the data proves, manage to purchase apartments worth hundreds of thousands of shekels for their children's marriages \u2022 How does it 'work' together? How do Haredi families manage to support their households? \u2022 Eliezer Heun and Ehud Prawer set out to find the answers to the mystery","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":975863,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[32342,59514,59481],"class_list":["post-974147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-24","tag-32342","tag-59514","tag-59481"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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