{"id":121867,"date":"2014-12-27T19:42:09","date_gmt":"2014-12-27T17:42:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ch10.co.il\/?p=121867"},"modified":"2025-08-07T09:36:47","modified_gmt":"2025-08-07T06:36:47","slug":"%d7%9e%d7%90%d7%99%d7%92%d7%a8%d7%90-%d7%9b%d7%9c%d7%9b%d7%9c%d7%99%d7%aa-%d7%a8%d7%9e%d7%90-%d7%9c%d7%91%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%90-%d7%a2%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%a7%d7%aa%d7%90-%d7%94%d7%90%d7%9d-%d7%90%d7%a4%d7%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ch10.co.il\/en\/news\/121867\/","title":{"rendered":"From (financial) fraud to a false promise: is it possible to escape from this?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">In recent weeks, we have been reading the story of Joseph in this week&#039;s Torah portion. Joseph is shaken by caliphate from Igra Rama to Bira Amikata.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">From Igra Ramah as the favored son, to Beer Amikata, when his brothers throw him into the pit and sell him to a group of Ishmaelites who take him down to Egypt as a slave. He rises again to prominence in Potiphar&#039;s house and from there is thrown into Beer Amikata, the pit of the captives. From there he is rescued by a sharp ascent to Igra Ramah, as Pharaoh&#039;s deputy.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">In recent years, we have witnessed a phenomenon in which tycoons of wealth and power are collapsing before our eyes and are being thrown from a corrupt court to a deep prison in the most tangible sense, the prison house. This usually stems from government corruption or the corruption of wealthy individuals.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">In this column, we will not deal with those, as it seems to us - to our regret - that the media is flooded with events such as this and their consequences. Therefore, we have chosen to deal specifically with those who, regrettably, fell from a fraudulent course to a deep economic crisis, and not because of fraud or corruption of any kind, but because of business failure.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>haircut<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the previous column - &quot;<a href=\"http:\/\/ww-law.co.il\/%25d7%25aa%25d7%25a1%25d7%25a4%25d7%2595%25d7%25a8%25d7%25aa%25d7%2595-%25d7%25a9%25d7%259c-%25d7%25a4%25d7%2595%25d7%25a0%25d7%2596%25d7%2599\">Ponzi&#039;s haircut<\/a>&quot; - We addressed the issue of &quot;haircut&quot; and a basic explanation of what it is and what it is for. In general, it can be said that a &quot;haircut&quot; is the beginning of the fall into the pit, while at this stage the one descending into the pit - the company - tries to hold on to the lifeline - to paraphrase - made of its own hair. Sometimes it will succeed in lifting itself - like Baron Munchausen who lifted himself by his own hair - it will extricate itself from it and return to safe ground and may even not deteriorate into a deep pit. Sometimes, if it fails to extricate itself, it may even deteriorate into a pit from which there is no way out, and in the process it will drag its shareholders with it into the depths of the pit.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Personal guarantee for the company<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">In previous columns, <a href=\"http:\/\/ww-law.co.il\/%25d7%25a2%25d7%259e%25d7%2595%25d7%25aa%25d7%2594-%25d7%2595%25d7%25a7%25d7%2595%25d7%25a5-%25d7%2591%25d7%2594\">\"&quot;An association with a thorn in it&quot;\"<\/a> and &quot;\"<a href=\"http:\/\/ww-law.co.il\/%25d7%25aa%25d7%25a1%25d7%25a4%25d7%2595%25d7%25a8%25d7%25aa%25d7%2595-%25d7%25a9%25d7%259c-%25d7%25a4%25d7%2595%25d7%25a0%25d7%2596%25d7%2599\">Ponzi&#039;s haircut<\/a>\"&quot;, we addressed the issue of &quot;separate legal personality&quot;. As we mentioned there, sometimes especially frequently - almost always in small companies - banks request, as a condition for granting credit above a certain amount, a personal guarantee from the shareholder in the company. In most cases, the amount that banks are willing to grant as a loan without a personal guarantee is not enough to maintain and promote business activity. When the company does not meet its obligations and ultimately reaches the insolvency - liquidation - process, then, after the bank has exhausted all collection procedures from the company itself and in the absence of the company&#039;s ability to cover all of its obligations to the bank, the bank realizes the shareholder&#039;s personal guarantee and collects the balance of his debt from the shareholder through the personal guarantee.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">There is no doubt that the above is a complete circumvention and denial of the rational that underlies the idea of \u200b\u200bseparate legal personality.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Against this backdrop, there is an interest in the stability of the financial system and the prevention of its collapse as part of a mechanism that promotes business and growth in the form of providing credit to businesses.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">That is, the same interest that was and is the basis of the idea of \u200b\u200b&quot;separate legal personality&quot; - growth and development in view of minimizing the risks of the shareholder, &quot;the owner of the company&quot;, is the basis for the need for the bank to take a personal guarantee. If the bank does not guarantee itself and minimize its risks, loans may not be repaid to it more often. As a result, the bank will be forced to price its risks through various mechanisms by which it prices risks - for example, a higher interest rate. As a result, this will result in a lack of ability or economic viability for business owners to take loans from banks. This means - harm to the growth and development of the business sector and, consequently, of the country&#039;s economy.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">It is worth examining whether the use made by the financial institutions that provide credit in the personal guarantee tool has crossed the boundaries, to the point of de facto nullification, in fact, of the &quot;separate legal personality theory.&quot;.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The issue of balancing these two is complex and deserves an extensive and separate discussion.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<strong>Result of exercising the personal guarantee during liquidation<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">As stated, when the shareholder has a personal guarantee in favor of the bank and the company does not meet its obligations and enters into a liquidation process, and as part of the process - which includes the sale of its assets - fails to pay all of its debts to the bank, the bank will apply and realize the personal guarantee given to it by the shareholder.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Since the shareholder sometimes does not have the &quot;reserve&quot; financial capacity to pay the remaining debt to the bank without being financially harmed, a significant percentage of the liquidation procedures of small and medium-sized companies drag the shareholder into significant financial difficulties, which often lead to his own bankruptcy. This is in addition to, and as a result of, the liquidation process of the company that he &quot;owned,&quot; and all this despite the fact that it was incorporated as a limited liability company.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">We have recently witnessed a number of tycoons in the economy who lost the company in which they were the controlling shareholders, and as a result, they, and sometimes even their family members, were forced to sell their private assets - to the point where in one case the mother of one of them sold her jewelry and others sold their house - in order to pay bank obligations, and subsequently to liquidation proceedings of the company under their control.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0Bankruptcy - From a simple statement to a fraudulent statement?<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">We see bankruptcy as the bottom of the economic pit. Is there a way out of this pit?<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">At its core, the purpose of bankruptcy is to bring about payment of the debtor&#039;s debts to his creditors. At the same time, bankruptcy also has a social significance.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The end of the bankruptcy process is &quot;discharge.&quot; The meaning of discharge is that after paying a certain amount and after a certain period of time, the debtor is released from all remaining debts. His creditors cannot demand anything more from him. &quot;The case is closed.&quot;.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">From now on, the debtor begins a new financial chapter, with a &quot;blank page.&quot;.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">True, he will always be remembered as a bankrupt. True, the banks may frown upon him, but he has no creditors.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">From here, the bankrupt can begin to climb slowly and carefully out of the pit, hoping that as he treads his steps wisely and with divine help, he will reach the Igra Rama.<\/p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/ww-law.co.il\/he-tzvi-woolfson\">Attorney Zvi (&quot;Tsiki&quot;) Wolfson<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0He is a managing partner.\u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/ww-law.co.il\/\">At the Wolfson Weinstein &amp; Co. office'<\/a><\/strong>. Attorney Wolfson practices law. <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/ww-law.co.il\/he-spcialization\/commercial-law\">Commercial and corporate law<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/ww-law.co.il\/he-spcialization\/insolvency\">Dissolution and rehabilitation of companies<\/a>,<\/strong> Consulting and assisting corporations and individuals in steps to prevent insolvency.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Often, corporate liquidation proceedings drag shareholders into financial difficulties that may lead them to self-bankruptcy. Is there a way out of such a &#039;pit&#039;? \u2022 Attorney Zvi Wolfson on financial and personal liquidation","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[8027,3080,3102],"class_list":["post-121867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-4","tag-8027","tag-3080","tag-3102"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05d2\u05e8\u05d0 (\u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea) \u05e8\u05de\u05d0, \u05dc\u05d1\u05d9\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05e7\u05ea\u05d0: \u05d4\u05d0\u05dd \u05d0\u05e4\u05e9\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05d7\u05dc\u05e5 \u05de\u05d6\u05d4? - \u05d7\u05e8\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd10<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ch10.co.il\/en\/news\/121867\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u05de\u05d0\u05d9\u05d2\u05e8\u05d0 (\u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea) \u05e8\u05de\u05d0, \u05dc\u05d1\u05d9\u05e8\u05d0 \u05e2\u05de\u05d9\u05e7\u05ea\u05d0: \u05d4\u05d0\u05dd \u05d0\u05e4\u05e9\u05e8 \u05dc\u05d4\u05d9\u05d7\u05dc\u05e5 \u05de\u05d6\u05d4? 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